A low testosterone level can have numerous physical and psychological consequences. For women with hormonal imbalances, phytoestrogens have been recognized for their ability to support the natural regulation of hormone levels. Phytoandrogens for men, however, are even less well known, but – together with certain vital substances and foods – can naturally increase testosterone.

How to increase your testosterone naturally

Testosterone levels can drop at almost any age, so it is not necessarily associated with old age. Men in middle age (menopause) are particularly likely to experience the relevant symptoms of a falling testosterone level. However, there are many ways to increase testosterone naturally.

What are the symptoms of testosterone deficiency?

Symptoms of testosterone deficiency include the following:

1. Irritability, dissatisfaction and anxiety
2. Lack of energy and tiredness (e.g. falling asleep immediately after eating or experiencing sleep disorders at night.)
3. Decreasing libido
4. Less frequent morning erections
5. Decreasing muscle strength
6. Lower athletic performance and lower performance in everyday work
7. Hot flashes, sweating
8. Shrinking testicles
9. Less beard and chest hair growth
10. Increased abdominal fat
11. Symptoms of metabolic syndrome include diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure
12. Decreasing bone density
13. Joint pain (which has nothing to do with osteoarthritis or arthritis, but is hormonal)

The symptoms of the deficiency already show which functions testosterone – the so-called male hormone – normally performs in healthy men:

It gives you strength and assertiveness, ensures a healthy libido and potency, increases bone density and makes body hair grow. While women produce testosterone, it is in much lower quantities than men.

Menopause in men: does it exist or not?

The menopause in men is controversial. People focus too much on comparing it with the menopause in women. Women lose their fertility during the menopause, but men do not necessarily. So officially, there is no menopause in men.

However, menopause is not defined by the level of fertility. Menopause is simply a time of hormonal changes and declining hormone production – and this is exactly the time that men experience, too.

The corresponding psychological problems are all too readily attributed to a midlife crisis. Physical symptoms, on the other hand, are seen as completely normal signs of aging that appear sooner or later and that one has to accept – as is often the case from the perspective of conventional medicine. A testosterone deficiency is not always considered.

The problem is real “One in five men has too little testosterone in their blood, doctors are puzzling over the causes: Not only in old age, but increasingly younger people also have a deficiency.”

Falling testosterone: The causes

By “younger”, we mean 30 to 40 year olds. lLw testosterone levels can be present even at this age if certain factors come together.

This includes:

1. Overweight with a lot of belly fat (apple type), as the female hormone estrogen is produced in the abdominal fat tissue. Therefore, the fatter the stomach, the lower the male hormone. If you are overweight and want to increase your testosterone, you should lose weight and exercise more – see below under 3. (Increase male hormone through exercise). ( 17 )
2. Stress, because the stress hormone cortisol lowers the male hormone.
3. Lack of exercise, as sport increases the male hormone.

One of the most important causes of falling male hormone levels is the hormonal effect of so-called endocrine disruptors. These are chemicals that act in the body in a similar way to hormones and can therefore irritate the hormonal balance.

Endocrine disruptors include, for example,

1. Mercury
2. Plasticizers, including chemicals found in materials like polycarbonate, epoxy resins, polyester, and PVC, as well as in items like cash register receipts, can disrupt hormone function.
3. Organophosphates (pesticides in agriculture and allotment gardens)
4. Phthalates in medicines (e.g. those that are resistant to stomach acid, i.e. only release their active ingredients in the intestine), plastics, and personal care products
5. Flame retardants known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), e.g. in upholstered furniture
6. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from exhaust gases from wood, petroleum or coal combustion
7. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), once used as coolants and lubricants for transformers or other electronic equipment (PCBs have been banned but can persist in the environment for decades.)

We are constantly surrounded by these substances, no matter what we do, what we buy, what we eat. And so it is no wonder that the consequences of this constant hormonal stress from the outside manifest themselves in the form of health problems.

Some people prefer to close their eyes to this undeniable situation. And many doctors simply think “There is no menopause in men. Age-related testosterone deficiency affects only a few.”

Hormone replacement therapy for men – potential side effects

But menopause in men is a typical disease invention from which only the pharmaceutical industry profits. We need to draw attention to the dangers of replacement therapy with synthetic hormones, which some so-called anti-aging doctors like to recommend to their male patients.

Synthetic hormone replacement therapy should only be used in extreme cases. Possible side effects include liver and kidney damage, cardiovascular issues, elevated cholesterol levels, enlargement of sebaceous glands, thyroid irritation, an increased risk of depression, and a rise in PSA levels, which may signal prostate disease or cancer. Bioidentical hormones on the other hand, which are made from natural substances are a different story.

Have your testosterone measured

Who is right and whether or not one would like to describe age-related testosterone deficiency as menopause may be completely irrelevant to the individual man. He suffers from a certain set of symptoms and would like to know what the cause is.

In order to rule out such a deficiency, one could simply arrange for a blood test to be carried out by one’s family doctor or urologist or andrologist.

The normal values

The standard values/reference values ​​vary depending on the test variant and laboratory, but are stated in the respective test results. So, use the information in your documents that you received from the laboratory as a guide.

The normal values ​​of free testosterone in blood serum are sometimes given as follows (values ​​are for guidance only):

1. Men 18 to 39 years: 8.8 – 27 pg/ml (women under 2.57 pg/ml)
2. Men 40 to 59 years: 7.2 – 23 pg/ml (women under 2.03 pg/ml)
3. Men over 60 years: 5.6 – 19 pg/ml (women under 1.55 pg/ml)

The normal values ​​of total testosterone (again, only indicative values):

1. Men 13 to 18 years: 0.3 – 31.2 nmol/l (women: 0.2 – 1.8 nmol/l)
2. Adult men: 12.1 – 31.2 nmol/l (women: 0.5 – 2 nmol/l)

If you divide the values ​​given in nmol/l by 3.467, you will get the values ​​in µg/l, if they are stated that way in your report.

Home test

There are now also home tests that you can order online. You send a saliva sample to a laboratory, which gives you the results within a few days. Testing for the male hormone can be ordered online.

However, it’s often not just the level of a single hormone that matters, but the balance between various hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol, and DHEA (which is the precursor to both female and male sex hormones). Therefore, some tests assess all the key sex hormones relevant to men. The cost is approximately 149 AUD.

In the blood test, several hormones are usually automatically checked at the same time. The advantage of the saliva test is as follows: While in the blood, hormones that are bound to proteins and are therefore less effective are often measured (but you can also have just the free testosterone measured), in the saliva only the free and effective hormones are present ( 5 ).

Self-test – Do you have a hormone deficiency?

So-called self-tests are also circulating around. These are questionnaires that are supposed to help you “check” your own hormone levels. Such a self-test could look like this, for example, where you give yourself one point for each “yes”. The more points you get at the end, the more likely you might have a testosterone deficiency:

1. Do you have a reduced sexual desire (libido)?
2. Do you suffer from erectile dysfunction?
3. Do you often experience fatigue and a lack of energy?
4. Do you suffer from reduced muscle mass and strength?
5. Have you recently gained more body fat, especially around your waist?
6. Do you suffer from depression or mood swings?
7. Have you been diagnosed with reduced bone density or osteoporosis?
8. Do you have memory or concentration problems?
9. Is your facial and body hair decreasing?
10. Do you suffer from sleep disorders or insomnia?
11. Have your self-confidence and self-esteem decreased?
12. Do you suffer from hot flashes or sweating?
13. Have you recently become less and less interested in your hobbies or leisure activities?

Increase testosterone – naturopathic measures

If your medical test results are perfect, there is no need for any further consideration. However, if the value is actually low, it can be increased naturally, e.g.

1. with the phytoandrogens mentioned above
2. with special natural food supplements and vital substances,
3. with sports
4. with certain foods and – if no other option is available –
5. with bioidentical hormone preparations.

Not to forget erotic films (but also funny films or action films), which in a study led to a clear increase in the male hormone in test subjects after just four minutes. (6) Sad films, on the other hand, reduce the hormone level. Even a five-minute conversation with an attractive woman is enough to increase the level of the male hormone (in men) by 30 percent (7).

However, as we age, these two methods (film and conversation) become less effective, so you may still want more information on the four measures mentioned above:

1. Increase testosterone with phytoandrogens

Phytoandrogens are plants that contain plant androgens (male hormones) that stimulate androgen production in the body or that inhibit androgen degradation and can thus increase the male hormone. Phytoandrogens increase the level of free testosterone in particular and also ensure a healthy testosterone-estrogen balance.

In his book The Natural Testosterone Plan, medicinal plant expert Stephen Harrod Buhner recommends the following program to increase the male hormone (the program should be carried out for three months, for example, or in consultation with a doctor/alternative practitioner):

1. Pine pollen tincture (commercially available under the name pine pollen tincture): About half a teaspoon three times a day
2. Nettle root: 1200 mg daily
3. Tribulus terrestris: 500 mg three times daily
4. Panax Ginseng: ¼ teaspoon daily
5. Tienchi Ginseng: 1/3 teaspoon three times daily
6. Eleutherococcus tincture : 1 teaspoon twice daily

The medicinal plants mentioned above act in the organism as follows:

Pine pollen

Pine pollen is particularly rich in testosterone-like plant hormones. Pine seeds (pine nuts) also contain some plant testosterone, but not as much as pollen (see below). Scots pine and black pine pollen are suitable if someone wants to collect pollen themselves in early spring.

However, it is said that the pollen is not easily digestible, and the bioavailability of the active ingredients is therefore not that high. To increase bioavailability, manufacturers of pine pollen products grind the pollen cones very thoroughly and then make a tincture from them.

Of course, pine pollen does not only affect hormone levels. It also increases the body’s antioxidant levels, stimulates liver regeneration and lowers cholesterol levels.

The plant hormones in pine pollen include plant-based testosterone, DHEA, and brassinosteroids, which promote vigorous growth in the plant. Their structure closely resembles that of human steroids. Pine pollen also contains glutathione transferases. These enzymes also help in connection with the body’s detoxification. Glutathione transferases are also involved in the production of testosterone and progesterone, thus promoting the formation of the male hormone.

The testosterone content of pine trees is so high that female fish living near paper factories that process pine wood can transform into male fish.

Nettle root

Nettle root is well-known for its beneficial effects on prostate health and is often used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear.

On the one hand, nettle root prevents DHT (dihydrotestosterone) from binding to SHBG (a transporter protein). This means that the proportion of free and effective testosterone remains higher.

DHT is the actual active testosterone. Testosterone, on the other hand, is just a hormone precursor that can be converted into either DHT or estrogen.

It is precisely this last-mentioned conversion that can be blocked by nettle root. It inhibits the so-called aromatase, an enzyme that would normally lead to the conversion of testosterone into estrogen, and in this way also keeps the level of the male hormone high.

It is sometimes said that you need to lower DHT levels to see improvement in BPH. And since nettle root can help with BPH, it was thought that it actually lowered the male hormone.

However, BPH is probably more about regulating the testosterone/estrogen ratio. In men, the level of the male hormone decreases with age (yes, from the age of 30, so it is said). However, the estrogen level usually remains constant. Sooner or later, an imbalance occurs here, which is why a natural increase in testosterone is helpful in regaining hormonal balance. And this is exactly what nettle root can help with.

Tribulus terrestris

Tribulus terrestris is also known as earth star and comes from the tropics and subtropics. The fruits of the plant are used.

In Ayurveda, TCM and Western naturopathy, Tribulus is known as a remedy for kidney health, as it prevents or reduces kidney stones and can protect and care for the mucous membranes of the urinary tract. In Ayurveda, however, it is also THE plant for promoting masculinity as well as male vitality and fertility. The latter is because Tribulus is said to increase sperm quantity and sperm motility.

A clinical study showed that taking 500 mg of Tribulus (a dry extract) three times a day for 60 days significantly increased sperm production in patients suffering from idiopathic OAT syndrome (they had too few sperm for no apparent reason). At the same time, 80 percent of the men experienced an improvement in libido and the qualities of erection, orgasm and ejaculation ( 18 ).

However, it is still unclear whether testosterone can also be increased. In healthy men, Tribulus cannot achieve any further increase, but the fruit seems to have an effect on impotent men.

Panax Ginseng

Panax Ginseng is known as an energy tonic that provides new vitality and mental clarity and improves fertility. Many of the typical uses of ginseng also apply to a deficiency of the male hormone, such as concentration and sleep disorders, tiredness, lack of energy, reduced libido, weakness, etc.

In a clinical study, ginseng was able to increase testosterone levels and sperm count in participants, as well as improve sperm motility. And in two Russian studies, half of the subjects recovered from impotence, while the other half showed significant improvement.

When buying Panax Ginseng, please make sure that it is Asian ginseng and not American. A tincture is also recommended – ideally combined with a Tienchi Ginseng tincture (see next point). Both tinctures should be at least 1:5 tinctures, which means that the tincture is 1 part plant with 5 parts liquid.

Tienchi Ginseng

Tienchi Ginseng is another type of ginseng, but its effects are similar to Panax Ginseng. Tienchi Ginseng also improves sperm motility. It also stimulates the release of nitric oxide, a substance that stimulates blood flow and is essential for a satisfactory erection.

The blood circulation-promoting effect is of course also a blessing for the entire cardiovascular system, which is why clinical studies with people suffering from coronary heart disease showed a significant improvement in the typical angina pectoris symptoms.

Ginseng does contain the ginsenoside Rg1, which is known to be a potent phytoestrogen. However, only this isolated substance acts like an estrogen, not a dietary supplement or tincture made from the entire ginseng root. ( 14 ) ( 15 ).

Eleutherococcus

Eleutherococcus, also known as Siberian ginseng, uses either the root or the root bark. It contains at least two androgenic compounds, eleutheroside B1 and eleutheroside E, which have been shown to positively influence testosterone levels.

A 2021 article published in the journal Herbal Medicine in Andrology stated that the plant is used in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) to treat diseases affecting male fertility, improving sperm quality, promoting testosterone production and helping to achieve more satisfactory erections ( 23 ).

Eleutherococcus is also recognized for its liver-protective properties and as an adaptogen. Adaptogens are medicinal plants that enhance your resistance to stress, helping you to feel less stressed, improve concentration, and boost mental efficiency.

In addition to Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea is another highly effective adaptogen.

According to Buhner, when purchasing Eleutherococcus tincture, you should make sure that it is a tincture based on a Russian recipe, which is at least a 1:1 tincture or, even better, a 2:1 tincture.

The Buhner Protocol and Science

Please note that the effects mentioned above are mainly from traditional natural medicine and therefore do not necessarily meet scientific standards. Some effects have been verified in studies in the countries of origin (China, India, etc.), but the studies have never been translated into English.

Current studies are now often carried out on young, athletic men with healthy testosterone levels, which rarely has an effect. Medicinal plants are not boosters that raise hormone levels to unimagined heights at any time and in any person. Rather, they help the organism to reach individually healthy and appropriate levels when levels are too low, or at least improve the symptoms.

However, you should always discuss the application of the Buhner Protocol (1) with your doctor or alternative practitioner who is experienced in phytotherapy.

2. Increase testosterone with certain nutritional supplements

In order to meet all the requirements for a successful increase in the male hormone, it is of course also important to be well supplied with all vital substances, especially those that are essential for the formation of the hormone.

These include zinc, magnesium, vitamin D ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) and the B vitamins. Also helpful are those nutritional supplements that do not necessarily increase the male hormone, but generally have a very positive effect on men’s health (e.g. on the prostate, erections, sperm quality , libido, performance, etc.).

Zinc

The formation of testosterone depends on an enzyme that contains zinc. Without zinc, this enzyme cannot work and the hormone level drops. If a zinc deficiency is corrected, the male hormone increases again. ( 2 ) ( 13 ).

Maca

The powder from a South American root cannot raise the level of the male hormone, but it often has a positive effect on the male body. Maca increases sperm production and can counteract pathological prostate enlargement ( 20 ). In addition, maca increases mental performance and is good for the bones.

L-Arginine

This amino acid has a positive effect on sperm quality and is an important source of nitric oxide, the properties of which we have already described above for Teinchi Ginseng. L-arginine can therefore be helpful in these matters. However, L-arginine could not increase testosterone levels even when taken at 3 g per day.

Olive leaf extract

The olive leaf and, in smaller quantities, olive oil contain the substance oleuropein ( 16 ). It can raise the LH level and thus also the male hormone, while at the same time reducing the stress hormone level. A specific dosage is not known here, so we recommend following the manufacturer’s instructions for use.

Magnesium

Magnesium clearly increases the level of the male hormone, as shown in a study ( 4 ) – both in athletes and in men who prefer a leisurely lifestyle. Therefore, always check your magnesium supply.

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3 is said to increase testosterone levels when taken at a rate of 3000 IU per day, as the vitamin is involved in regulating testosterone by inhibiting aromatase (see nettle root above). The increase occurs particularly when there was previously a vitamin D deficiency.

B vitamins

Most B vitamins are involved at some point in the formation of the male hormone, so – as with any health problem – they play an important role here too.

Therefore, check your supply of the vital substances and nutrients mentioned. If there is a deficiency in one area, take appropriate nutritional supplements, e.g.:

1. 25 – 30 mg zinc gluconate
2. 300 – 400 mg magnesium
3. as much vitamin D3 as you need
4. high-dose vitamin B complex e.g. B-vitamin mix from effective nature
5. The combination of astaxanthin and saw palmetto extract was also able to increase testosterone in a study

3. Increase male hormones through exercise

Exercise is always important. That’s why exercise isn’t just part of a program to increase testosterone. Exercise is part of life. Without exercise, your body will rust at every corner, it will tend to be overweight and suffer from chronic diseases, it will age faster and you will also feel old – old, immobile, less alive, less potent.

In a study ( 21 ), a Japanese research team compared 16 normal-weight and 28 overweight men. None of these men had previously exercised regularly. At the start of the study, the overweight and partially obese men had significantly lower levels than the normal-weight men. This affected both free and bioavailable testosterone as well as total testosterone levels.

All participants then took part in a 12-week exercise program. They were asked to walk or jog for 40 to 60 minutes on 1 to 3 days per week. Then – after 12 weeks – the test subjects’ hormone levels were examined again. Although these were still lower in the overweight than in the normal-weight group (even if they did not exercise), a significant increase in all testosterone levels was observed in the overweight group after the exercise program.

The hormone increased more significantly in the overweight men the more intensively they participated in the exercise program. The exercise program had no noticeable effect on the values ​​of the normal-weight men.

Exercise increases the male hormone in overweight people

Since weight loss alone increases the level of the male hormone and the overweight people in the study described had also lost weight, it was initially not certain whether the exercise or the weight loss had led to the increase in the male hormone level.

“We believe that a decrease in BMI is one of the most important factors leading to an increase in male hormone levels,” said Hiroshi Kumagai, lead researcher of the study. “However, in our study, the weight loss was rather small. In addition, we found that the levels increased in parallel with the intensity of exercise and not dependent on weight loss.”

So it seems that exercise is the main factor for overweight people who want to increase their testosterone.

4. Increase male hormone with certain foods

A healthy diet can also increase testosterone. First of all, through its richness in vital substances and antioxidants, as it then provides all the building blocks necessary for the formation of the male hormone, supplies the organs concerned with all essential nutrients and at the same time protects the body from oxidative stress.

In addition, a diet that can increase the hormone provides testosterone-like substances and also nourishes the kidneys and adrenal glands.

These two organs are particularly closely linked to the male sex hormone balance. The adrenal glands are another production site for the male hormone, alongside the testicles. And the kidneys interact with the hormone so closely that it is said that a man’s kidneys can only be as healthy as his sex hormone balance. If this is disturbed, the kidneys also suffer.

For example, it is known that men with kidney disease usually have high estrogen levels and low male hormone levels. At the same time, diseased kidneys can lead to impotence.

Foods that have a positive effect on the male hormone and can possibly increase it include the following:

1. Celery contains significant amounts of testosterone-like substances and is also known to keep the kidneys and adrenal glands healthy ( 19 ). For example, celery lowers blood pressure, which is particularly good for the kidneys. Eat 3 to 4 celery stalks a day or juice them and drink the juice (mixed with other freshly squeezed juices, such as kale, cucumber, spinach, and apple).
2. Corn, and especially corn juice, corn threads or corn pollen, are considered to be a tonic to increase the male hormone. Corn increases the LH secretion, and LH is known to increase the male hormone. Simply juice or blend 60 – 120 g of organic fresh young corn and mix it with the freshly squeezed celery juice.
3. Cucumbers are known for their kidney-friendly effects. They provide a lot of organic water and can be mixed into the juice mentioned above to dilute it.
4. Kale is one of the healthiest foods of all and should not be missing in therapy to naturally increase testosterone levels. Kale and other brassicas contain substances that prevent too much estrogen from being formed from testosterone. Brassicas also provide plenty of beta-carotene, vitamin C, chlorophyll, magnesium, calcium, potassium, iron, folic acid and a number of anti-cancer substances.
5. Spinach, rich in vital nutrients like kale, improves oxygen supply to cells due to its nitrate content. This can lead to increased muscle growth and overall physical strength, counteracting general weakness.
6. Oats should be a staple in your diet and ideally consumed daily. They are not only tasty and easy to digest but also provide significant benefits, including potentially lowering SHBG levels and increasing free testosterone. Additionally, oats have a calming effect on the nervous system, which supports hormonal balance by reducing stress and minimizing stress hormone levels that can otherwise lower testosterone.
7. In addition, oats have a relaxing effect on the nerves, which is also very beneficial for the hormone balance. The less stress the nerves are put under, the fewer stress hormones are released, which would otherwise lower testosterone.
8. Garlic is a traditional remedy for increasing male hormone levels ( 11 ). In animal studies in particular, garlic has shown a dramatic effect on testosterone. However, you have to eat a corresponding amount for garlic alone to have an effect. In the studies mentioned, it was 0.8 percent of the daily calorie intake. So, for example, if you eat 2,500 kcal, you would need 20 kcal in the form of garlic – that’s about 15 g of garlic or 5 cloves of garlic at 3 g each. If you hear warnings about garlic, such as that it tends to lower male hormone levels, then don’t worry. This is possible, but only if the garlic portion of your meals is 10 to 30 percent, which hardly anyone will do from a culinary point of view alone.
9. Pine nuts have long been considered an aphrodisiac and a means of increasing libido and potency. The Greek physician Galen (129 – 216) recommended eating a mixture of pine nuts, almonds and honey on three consecutive evenings to feel an increase in virility and vitality.
10. Like the pine pollen mentioned above, pine NUTS also contain testosterone-like compounds and can have a positive effect on hormone levels.

If all of the measures mentioned above are not enough, you can take action with bioidentical hormone preparations. These are not synthetic hormones that are never really the same as the body’s own hormones, but only slightly similar to them, but hormones that are absolutely identical to the body’s own hormones.

5. Increase male hormones with bioidentical hormone preparations

Before resorting directly to testosterone preparations, it is much more advisable to take the precursors of the hormone or apply them as a cream/gel. The body can then produce the required amount of hormone itself without running the risk of an overdose in the long term. This is of course also possible with bioidentical hormones, which could then also lead to undesirable side effects.

The precursors of the male hormone are DHEA (25 – 50 mg per day) and progesterone or pregnenolone (15 – 100 mg per day) – depending on the test result and age. The latter is made from the yam root and is in turn the precursor of testosterone, DHEA and progesterone.

Progesterone in particular is considered a hormone that is often present in too low quantities in men. However, if it dwindles, the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases.

However, the use of bioidentical hormone preparations should always be discussed with a knowledgeable therapist.

Only if a really massive deficiency is discovered in the saliva or blood test can one work with a testosterone gel.

At the same time, there are factors that should definitely be avoided if you want to increase your hormone levels. These include the sources of endocrine disruptors mentioned above and the testosterone-lowering risk factors described in the next chapter.

Increase male hormone: Avoid testosterone enemies

If you want to increase your testosterone, there are not only certain things you should do or certain medications you should NOT do. In any case, you should avoid alcohol and products or drinks that contain hops, such as beer.

Hops are a very strong phytoestrogen, which was already known in ancient times, as girls who regularly worked in hop fields reached sexual maturity very early. If men take this plant estrogen, their male hormone levels fall. The ability of the testicles to produce the hormone also decreases in the presence of hops.

Drinking licorice tea now and then is not a problem, but you should not eat a pack of licorice sticks every day. This is because licorice can increase cortisol levels , which in turn lowers testosterone.

If you also regularly take certain medications, you should check whether these could have a negative effect on your testosterone levels. These include, for example:

1. Painkillers and anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, aspirin and paracetamol
2. Antibiotics
3. Antifungals such as fluconazole
4. Statins
5. Antidepressants
6. Antihypertensives
7. Heart medication

For more detailed information, we recommend the English-language book by *Stephen Harrod Buhner: Natural Remedies for Low Testosterone.